Organism Strains Reference Comments Escherichia coli ACAM2025 21994354 expressing a range of colonization factors and heat-labile toxin subunit B is well tolerated and immunogenic in a placebo-controlled double-blind phase I trial in healthy adults. Escherichia coli ACAM2022 21994354 expressing a range of colonization factors and heat-labile toxin subunit B is well tolerated and immunogenic in a placebo-controlled double-blind phase I trial in healthy adults. Escherichia coli ACAM2027 21994354 expressing a range of colonization factors and heat-labile toxin subunit B is well tolerated and immunogenic in a placebo-controlled double-blind phase I trial in healthy adults. Escherichia coli EAST1 16428745 deletion mutation of the aroC Escherichia coli CS1 16428745 component of CFA/II Escherichia coli eltB 21994355 encoding a pentamer of B subunits of LT (LTB) to generate ACAM2027 Escherichia coli PTL002 16428745 express the ETEC colonization factor CFA/II were evaluated for safety and immunogenicity. Escherichia coli PTL003 16428745 express the ETEC colonization factor CFA/II were evaluated for safety and immunogenicity show better IgA response rates Escherichia coli LT toxin B-subunit 17224212 Vaccine candidates having a high priority for accelerated development and clinical testing for eventual use in infants Escherichia coli CS1-CS6 18665777 elicit strong mucosal in particular intestinal immune responses that are considered to be of prime importance for protection against ETEC disease Escherichia coli LT toxoid 18665777 elicit strong mucosal in particular intestinal immune responses that are considered to be of prime importance for protection against ETEC disease Escherichia coli CFA/I 17566016;7974161;11508385; 8564370 ;12744870 ;11850896;10781858 Vaccines were well tolerated and did not elicit interleukin (IL) 8 or IL6 secretion in WGLF. Escherichia coli CFA/II 7856290;17566016;11508385;17974161;8564370;12744870;10781858 Vaccines were well tolerated and did not elicit interleukin (IL) 8 or IL6 secretion in WGLF. Escherichia coli CFA/III 17566016;17974161;11508385;8564370;12744870 Vaccines were well tolerated and did not elicit interleukin (IL) 8 or IL6 secretion in WGLF. Escherichia coli CFA/IV 10781858 ;8564370;11508385 Vaccines were well tolerated and did not elicit interleukin (IL) 8 or IL6 secretion in WGLF. Escherichia coli FaeG-FedF-LT192A2:B 21813665 elicits antibodies that neutralize cholera toxin inhibit adherence of K88 (F4) and F18 fimbriae and protect pigs against K88ac/heat-labile toxin infection. Escherichia coli mLT 18022293 vaccines induced increased protection rates against viral shedding and diarrhea (75-100%) compared to controls; however only 57% of controls shed virus. Escherichia coli R192G 16122848;18022293;21288994 vaccines induced increased protection rates against viral shedding and diarrhea (75-100%) compared to controls; however only 57% of controls shed virus. Escherichia coli E24377A 7856290 Secretory IgA in jejunal fluids serum responses and circulating antibody-secreting cells (ASC) were measured before and after vaccination. The vaccine was well tolerated. Escherichia coli heat-stable enterotoxins 17920213;22069760 Constructed fusions were used to immunize mice and immunized mice developed anti-STa antibodies Escherichia coli SC625 11035750 strains are competent for colonization in infant mice and may be suitable as vaccine candidates for use either independently or in a combination with strains of different biotypes and serotypes. Escherichia coli E1392 3276624 should be useful in further defining appropriate protective antigens for candidate enterotoxigenic E. coli vaccine strains. Escherichia coli H-10407 3078739 vaccine consists of intact cells lacking chromosomal and plasmid DNA but possessing a normal complement of antigens including CFA/I and enterotoxin(s) unaltered by chemical- or heat-treatment Escherichia coli rfaR1 7680409 vaccine strain is present on the cell surface in a form suitable for the induction of a specific antibody response Escherichia coli MM-3 17151778 MM-3 had a drawback of carrying the antibiotic resistance gene (chloramphenicol acetyltransferase gene cat). Shigella dysentriae The StxB 21969003 overexpressing shiga toxin B subunit Shigella dysentriae WRSd1-strain 1617 12010984 contains deletions of the virG(icsA) gene required for intercellular spreading and a 20-kb chromosomal region encompassing the Shiga toxin genes (stxAB). Shigella dysentriae CVD 1252 pCS2 16169130 contains deletions in guaBA biosynthetic pathway genes . Each strain was subsequently used as a live vector for the expression of one or two critical ETEC antigens. Shigella dysentriae SC599 18207287 attenuated by deletion of invasion (icsA) iron chelation (ent fep) and shiga toxin A-subunit (stxA) genes followed by ciprofloxacin Shigella flexneri 2a SC602 12010984 a live oral vaccine strain attenuated by deletion of the icsA (virG) plasmid virulence gene given at 10(4) CFU shigella flexneri 2a WRSF2G11 17229494 data indicate that second generation virG-based Shigella vaccine strains which lack enterotoxin genes such as WRSf2G11 will likely show lower levels of reactogenicity without hampering the robust immune responses achieved with previous live vaccines. shigella flexneri 2a rEPA(succ) 2913770 elicited a >4-fold rise in IgG anti-LPS in 85% (P < 0.0001) after the second injection shigella flexneri 2a CVD 1208 pCFA I CS3 16169130 contains deletions in guaBA biosynthetic pathway genes . Each strain was subsequently used as a live vector for the expression of one or two critical ETEC antigens. shigella flexneri 2a CVD 1203 8557344 use as a live vector for enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) antigen and elicited high titers of antilipopolysaccharide (anti-LPS) immunoglobulin A (IgA) shigella flexneri 2a CVD 1204 10948101 expressing colonization factor antigen I and mutant heat-labile enterotoxin of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli. shigella flexneri 2a 2457T 8356844 it a safe and efficacious oral vaccine in monkeys. shigella flexneri 2a SFL1070 7762285 contains a deleted aroD gene shigella flexneri 2a icsA 1887672 blocks intracellular and cell-to-cell spread of the micro-organism. shigella flexneri 2a OmpB 1887672 disconnects the bacterium from one of its major environmental regulatory factors osmolarity. Shigella sonnei WRSS1 12010984 contains deletions of the virG(icsA) gene required for intercellular spreading and a 20-kb chromosomal region encompassing the Shiga toxin genes (stxAB) Shigella sonnei WRSs2 19932216 less reactogenic Shigella sonnei WRSs3 19932216 less reactogenic Shigella sonnei CRM(9) 2913770 S. sonnei-CRM(9) elicited a >4-fold rise in IgG anti-LPS in 92.1% after the second injection Shigella sonnei CVD 1233 pCS4 ThK63 16169130 contains deletions in guaBA biosynthetic pathway genes as well as in genes encoding enterotoxins were constructed. Each strain was subsequently used as a live vector for the expression of one or two critical ETEC antigens. Salmonella enterica EL23 7975861 codes for production of the binding subunit of the heat-labile enterotoxin of Escherichia coli (LT-B). Animals immunized orally with viable EL23 developed serum and mucosal anti-LT-B responses Salmonella enterica LTK63 9423862 expresses Escherichia coli mutant heat-labile enterotoxin. Salmonella enterica JOL917 22192447 JOL919 immunized group showed significantly lower depression lower gross lesion in the liver and spleen and lower number of the SE positive internal organs than those of the control group against a virulent wild type SE challenge. Salmonella enterica CfaC 22286706 enhancing bacterial permeability via CfaAC represents an alternative method to attenuate pathogens despite the presence of unknown virulence factors. Salmonella typhimurium SL3261 3098864 attenuated salmonellae may be expected to elicit both humoral and cellular responses to intracellular cloned antigens. Salmonella typhimurium aroA 3106921 Mutations in the aroA genes of Salmonella inhibit the ability of the bacteria to grow in vivo and strains carrying such lesions are effective vaccines against salmonellosis Salmonella typhimurium CS3263 10816454 elicited a significantly higher level of 987P-specific systemic immunoglobulin G (IgG) and mucosal IgA Salmonella typhimurium chi4550 10816454 shows significantly higher levels of serum IgG and mucosal IgA against 987P fimbria. Salmonella typhimurium pgtE 12874347 elicited significantly higher systemic and mucosal antibody titers against the TGEV epitopes compared to the parental vaccine. Salmonella typhimurium SR-11 3291452 lacks adenylate cyclase and the cyclic AMP receptor protein (CRP) due to deletion (delta) mutations in the cya and crp genes respectively are avirulent for mice and induce high level protective immunity against subsequent challenge with wild-type virulent S. typhimurium SR-11 cells. Salmonella typhimurium chi 4072 8843628 recombinant Salmonella vaccine strain carrying the virulence plasmid induced similar or higher protective immune responses than the strain lacking the virulence plasmid. Salmonella typhimurium chi 3987 8843628 recombinant Salmonella vaccine strain carrying the virulence plasmid induced similar or higher protective immune responses than the strain lacking the virulence plasmid. Salmonella typhimurium UK-1 strain 10089152 S. typhimurium UK-1 Deltacrp Deltacya mutant strain may be a potential live vaccine to induce protective immunity against Salmonella infection or to deliver foreign antigens to the immune system. Salmonella typhimurium CS4552 17169467 Expression of the TGEV epitopes from the Salmonella typhimurium CS4552 (crp cya asd pgtE) vaccine strain was greater when the epitopes were fused to MisL than when they were fused to the 987P FasA subunit. Salmonella typhimurium phoP 2671582 able to induce a protective immune response Salmonella typhimurium CKS257 16824652 the attenuated Salmonella strain proved to be an excellent platform for vaccine development. Salmonella typhimurium X4550 pYA3341 22326539 attenuated S. typhimurium X4550/pYA3341-Cap can be a potential vaccine against PCV2 infections. Salmonella typhimurium Ty21a t 2437220 local intestinal immune responses to S. sonnei lipopolysaccharide and the presence of specific serum IgA or IgG antibody before challenge with pathogenic S. sonnei was correlated with protection from illness. Salmonella typhimurium cpxR 20031343 sow immunized by intramuscular-prime and oral booster and oral prime and oral booster with this vaccine candidate effectively protects from salmonellosis Campylobacter jejuni CG8421 19842970 The model demonstrates high attack rates after lower doses of challenge inoculum provides further understanding of immunologic responses and permits future investigation of candidate Campylobacter vaccines. Yersinia enterocolitica yopH 2101483 Y. enterocolitica directed the production of the recombinant proteins only when the bacteria were incubated in conditions of Yops production. Vibrio cholerae CVD 103-HgR 2669100;9180604;2900401;15982790;9522876;8093230;16581160 highly immunogenic following administration of just a single oral dose Vibrio cholerae N16961 7561195;16028125;18045752;19943759;11895960;19943759 have deleted cholera toxin element Vibrio cholerae Peru-2 11035750 strains are competent for colonization in infant mice and may therefore be suitable as vaccine candidates for use either independently or in a combination with strains of different biotypes and serotypes. Vibrio cholerae 638 9916056;15845509 attenuated by deletion of the CTXPhi prophage from C7258 (O1 El Tor Ogawa) and by insertion of the Clostridium thermocellum endoglucanase A gene into the hemagglutinin/protease coding sequence Vibrio cholerae SC631 11035750 The resulting strains are competent for colonization in infant mice and may be suitable as vaccine candidates for use either independently or in a combination with strains of different biotypes and serotypes. Vibrio cholerae SC632 11035750 The resulting strains are competent for colonization in infant mice and may be suitable as vaccine candidates for use either independently or in a combination with strains of different biotypes and serotypes. Vibrio cholerae E7946 11035750;7995992 The resulting strains are competent for colonization in infant mice and may be suitable as vaccine candidates for use either independently or in a combination with strains of different biotypes and serotypes. Vibrio cholerae IEM101 14500467 elicited good protection against challenge with virulent strains of V. cholerae O1. Oral administration caused no side effects in 15 human volunteers colonized the gut for four to ten days and elicited good immune responses. Vibrio cholerae CVD 110 8406837 a new ctxA-deleted vaccine strain derived from an El Tor Ogawa parent lacks zona occludens toxin (Zot) accessorycholera enterotoxin (Ace) and hemolysin/enterotoxin Vibrio cholerae O395-N1-E1 18582519 this prototype cholera vaccine candidate strain may assist in preparing improved and inexpensive oral BS-WC cholera vaccine without the need to purify CTB separately. Vibrio cholerae CVD 103 2900401 evaluated for safety immunogenicity and efficacy; was highly attenuated and elicited strong antibacterial and antitoxic immune responses. Vibrio cholerae IEM109 17428586 To generate this candidate a chromosomal fragment containing the TLC element attB of the CTX Phi integration site and RTX cluster responsible for the cytotoxic activity for mammalian cells was deleted through homologous recombination from IEM101 Vibrio cholerae Texas Star-SR 6873477 a laboratory-derived mutant of Vibrio cholerae El Tor Ogawa 3083 which produces B but not A subunit of cholera toxin Vibrio cholerae VCUSM2 16102875 a live metabolic auxotroph of Vibrio cholerae O139 Vibrio cholerae B O1 O139 WC 8994322 the O139 component of the vaccine induced intestinal and systemic antibacterial immune responses in the majority of the vaccines. Vibrio cholerae VCG 12922096 VCGs represent a novel approach to cholera vaccine development and constitute an effective vaccine delivery vehicle. Vibrio cholerae CVD111 9180604 A live oral cholera vaccine should ideally protect against both classical and El Tor biotypes of Vibrio cholerae O1 Vibrio cholerae CVD112 7658089 attenuated delta ctxA delta zot delta ace delta cep V. cholerae O139 vaccine strain Vibrio cholerae VA1.3 19523608 VA1.3 at a dose of 5 x 10(9) is safe and immunogenic in adults from a cholera endemic region Vibrio cholerae Bengal 15 O139 16989629;7715293 Live orally administered attenuated cholera vaccines are in various stages of development and evaluation. Vibrio cholerae IEM108 14500467 IEM108 is an efficient and safe live oral cholera vaccine candidate that induces antibacterial and antitoxic immunity and CTXPhi phage immunity. Vibrio cholerae El Tor 8675353;7995992 diarrhea due to attenuated and wild-type El Tor V. cholerae and to a lesser extent 0139 V. cholerae involves an inflammatory response Vibrio cholerae zot 1730472 This gene named zot (for zonula occludens toxin) consists of a 1.3-kb open reading frame which could potentially encode a 44.8-kDa polypeptide Vibrio cholerae Peru-14 7995992 Peru-14 shows promise as a safe effective single-dose oral vaccine against El Tor cholera. Rotavirus 116E 20580391;16088802 natural single gene reassortant between a human parent strain and the VP4 gene of bovine origin. Rotavirus RV3 20580391 naturally attenuated and unlike other strains replicated well in young infants even in the presence of maternal antibody. Rotavirus I321 19943758;16088802 also a bovine-human reassortant strain in which most genes are of bovine origin Rotavirus 89-12 9607059 This attenuated human rotavirus was safe and immunogenic and should be further evaluated as a vaccine candidate. Rotavirus MMU 18006 2154925 The rhesus Rotavirus vaccine induces partial protection against heterotypic Rotavirus disease but the level of protection achieved with the present vaccine dose appears to be insufficient for a general Rotavirus vaccination. Rotavirus RIT 4237 2548276;6143964;3894608;2164706;3031574;1852084 Vaccine prepared from RIT 4237 strain of attenuated bovine rotavirus thus seems to protect children against heterologous subgroup 2 rotavirus diarrhoea. Rotavirus G9 15220453 G9 rotavirus vaccine candidates as the strain with the broadest reactivity (i.e. a prime strain) would certainly be the ideal strain for inclusion in a vaccine. Rotavirus D x RRV 1326741 each of the reassortant RV vaccines was effective in inducing protection against symptomatic RV disease associated with RV serotype 1. Rotavirus G1P[8] 16394298 Two oral doses of the live attenuated G1P[8] HRV vaccine were highly efficacious in protecting infants against severe rotavirus gastroenteritis significantly reduced the rate of severe gastroenteritis from any cause Rotavirus WC3 16394299;16621194 This vaccine was efficacious in preventing rotavirus gastroenteritis decreasing severe disease and health care contacts. The risk of intussusception was similar in vaccine and placebo recipients Rotavirus RRV-TV 8545227 RRV-TV is highly protective against very severe dehydrating rotavirus gastroenteritis.